Rayon is a multi-faceted material. It can be found blended
with cottons as well as with sumptuous velvets and taffetas.
It is used in disposable diapers as well as in tire cords.
What is this amazing fiber and is it the right choice for
you?
Rayon was the first manufactured fiber. It was developed in
France in the 1890's and was originally called "artificial
silk." In 1924, the textile industry decided to utilize its
many properties. Unlike most man-made fibers, rayon is not
synthetic. It is made from wood pulp. As a result, rayon's
properties are more similar to those of natural fibers, such
as cotton or linen, than those of petroleum-based synthetic
fibers such as nylon or polyester. Rayon's versatility as a
fiber and its relatively low cost have increased its use in
blending, but also encouraged its use in lower quality
fabrics and garments.
Characteristics of Rayon
Rayon's cellulosic base contributes many properties similar
to those of cotton or other natural cellulosic fibers. Rayon
is moisture absorbent (more so than cotton), breathable,
comfortable to wear, and easily dyed in vivid colors. It does
not build up static electricity, nor will it pill unless the
fabric is made from short, low-twist yarns.
Rayon is comfortable, soft to the skin, and has moderate dry
strength and abrasion resistance. Like other cellulosic
fibers, it is not resilient, which means that it will
wrinkle. Rayon withstands ironing temperatures slightly less
than those of cotton. It may be attacked by silverfish and
termites, but generally resists insect damage. It may mildew
but it can be easily remedied. One of rayon's strengths is
its versatility and ability to blend easily with many fibers -
- sometimes to reduce cost, other times for lustre, softness,
or absorbency and resulting comfort. Rayon has moderate
resistance to acids and alkalis and generally the fiber
itself is not damaged by bleaches; however, dyes used in the
fabric may experience color change. As a cellulosic fiber,
rayon will burn, but flame retardant finishes are sometimes
applied.
Care of Rayon Fabrics
Consumers should be aware of several cautions in relation to
proper use and care of fabrics made from rayon fiber. Regular
rayon has the tendency to shrink or stretch easily when wet.
Although resin-treated rayons can sometimes be hand or
machine washed with success, regular rayon normally requires
dry cleaning to maintain appearance and shape.
Dyes or starches applied to rayon during finishing give body,
sheen, luster and shape, and control relaxation shrinkage. In
some instances, they may enhance strength. Unfortunately,
some of them are sensitive to moisture. When moisture
contacts them, the dye spreads to the edge of the wet spot,
and forms a "ring" on the fabric. Raindrops, splashes from
tap water, as well as water-based food substances will form
dark rings on these fabrics. The rings may be difficult to
remove without submerging the entire garment in water. This
process can cause further damage to regular rayons, which
have low wet strength. The spreading of dyes from moisture
may make stain removal difficult in dry cleaned garments. Dry
cleaning solvents are designed to remove oil- based stains.
Water-based stains such as fruit juice, beverages, and
certain foods require moisture for stain removal. While this
process removes the stain, it may also leave a water spot
ring. Also, as a result of the general dry cleaning process,
swirls or waves may occur on the fabric surface which may not
be removable.
Rayon fabrics may lose body or become limp over time due to
numerous dry cleanings. The fabrics may also yellow over the
course of time. The problem may be most noticeable on exposed
areas such as collars, shoulders, and outside sleeves,
especially on white or light-colored fabrics. Regular
cleaning, often accompanied by bleaching, will correct the
problem; however, this may cause additional damage from
shrinkage or loss of body.
Other cautions related to rayons are pilling - the fibers mat
together and form fiber balls or pills on the fabric surface.
Pills may be "shaved" or clipped off; however, as this is
done, fibers are being removed, creating a thinner layer of
fabric. The problem is less likely to occur on fabrics with a
hard surface and those made from longer, or higher twist
yarns.
Rayon is a versatile fiber and is frequently found in blends
with polyester, nylon and acrylic - all of which are
synthetics and heat sensitive. These fibers generally
contribute strength, wrinkle resistance, and ease of care to
rayon blends. However, iron temperatures safe for rayon can
be too hot and melt or fuse the heat-sensitive synthetic
fibers. This process cannot be reversed and results in slits,
tears or brittleness in the fabric.
To successfully care for rayon fabric, find out which rayon
fiber you are dealing with. Regular rayons usually require
dry cleaning for best results, while HWM rayons will normally
machine wash and tumble dry satisfactorily.
Regular rayons are usually labeled as "dry clean only." Check
and follow garment labels for instructions.
Since many dyes and finishes applied to regular rayon are
moisture-sensitive, you should try to protect garments from
contact with moisture. Bring your raincoat with you, even if
it isn't raining yet. When washing hands or working in the
kitchen, try to avoid splashing water on the garment.
Spills should be blotted with absorbent cloth to remove
moisture. Use caution or avoid treating stained areas with
water. Take garment to dry cleaner for stain removal. Rings
or darker shading from dye spreading may be permanent.
Hand wash regular rayons with care. Always support wet
fabrics, i.e., avoid wringing moisture from fabrics and
gently squeeze out moisture and roll in a towel. Smooth and
shape, then lay flat to dry.
If the item is not too heavy when wet, it can be hung on a
non-rusting hanger.
When pressing regular rayon garments at home, be aware that
steam irons can `spill' water on the garment, causing water
spots. Press on the wrong side or use a press cloth on the
right side to avoid shine or iron imprints. Use a rayon or
synthetic setting on the iron.
When pressing blends, use the iron temperature for the most
heat-sensitive fiber. Normally, a synthetic setting will be
satisfactory.
Although rayon can look like wool, silk, cotton or linen, and
is manufactured fiber like polyester, this doesn't mean it
behaves like or has the same properties or care requirements
of these fibers.
Rayon is an inexpensive and durable garment fiber. Treat it
right and you'll get your money's worth.
